Crash Course

hello centric: the sun is in the middle.
geocentric: everything goes around the earth

helio centric that the sun is fixed (just for our talk, to look at our own solar system)
stars wander and we always tilt pointing towards the north star
one day: a rotation
one year: an orbit
23.5 degrees from the sun

earths tilt away from the sun, we receive more indirect sunlight and that is what causes winter.
tropic of capricorn:
tropic of cancer: points on the earth as the sun gets the farthest to the south/north that receive direct sunlight from the sun.
prime meridian
equator
equanox: equal day of sunlight and darkness. 12 hours each

phases of the moon:
full moon: when the moon is on the other side of the earth from the sun.
moon and sun always stay opposite of it.
new moon: when moon is on the same side of the sun.
quarter moon:

lunar eclipse: Moon is on furthest from the sun and all three (sun, earth, moon)are in a line
has to be in the right place based on the orbit of the moon.

Once in a blue moon: two full moons in the same month

Sun and eight planets (plane of the ecliptic) are all in the same plane and all lined up. whereas the moon is not in the plane of the ecliptic, the moon dives in and out on its own orbit.

solar eclipse:
If it happens in Iowa it does not happen in the reverse side of the Earth.